Use of Artificial Intelligence and Automated Tools
Authors
Authors must disclose any use of generative artificial intelligence that goes beyond routine spelling correction, grammar correction, formatting or basic language editing.
The disclosure should identify:
- Name and version of the tool
- Purpose for which it was used
- Sections or activities affected
- Nature of human verification and oversight
AI tools cannot be listed as authors because they cannot accept responsibility or accountability for the work.
Generative AI output must not be cited as an authoritative scholarly source.
Authors remain fully responsible for:
- Accuracy
- Originality
- References
- Data integrity
- Absence of plagiarism
- Protection of confidential information
- Compliance with copyright and ethical requirements
Reviewers and Editors
Reviewers and editors must not upload confidential manuscripts, unpublished data or identifiable author information into publicly accessible generative-AI systems.
Generative AI must not be used to independently produce reviewer reports, editorial assessments or publication decisions.
Limited editing or rewriting assistance may be used only where confidentiality is protected, the use is disclosed, and the intellectual assessment remains entirely human.
Journal Use of Automated Tools
The journal may use validated automated tools for similarity checking, manuscript screening, metadata preparation or identification of potential integrity concerns.
Automated results will not be treated as conclusive. A human editor will review and interpret all flagged concerns.