Triphala : A literary review article

Vol.01, Issue-02, August 2024

Author: Dr. Athira Mohan, BAMS

Abstract

Triphala, a revered formulation in Ayurveda, is a combination of three potent fruits: Haritaki (Terminalia chebula), Vibhitaki (Terminalia bellirica), and Amalaki (Emblica officinalis). Traditionally renowned for its benefits in digestion, detoxification, and regulation of bowel movements, Triphala also offers broader therapeutic properties, including its role as an antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and immune modulator. This review explores both the classical uses of Triphala as documented in Ayurvedic texts and its potential applications in modern healthcare, supported by recent scientific studies. Its effectiveness in addressing conditions such as constipation, indigestion, skin health, weight management, and metabolic disorders such as diabetes highlights its versatility as an herbal remedy.

Introduction

Triphala, translating to “three fruits” in Sanskrit, holds a distinguished place in Ayurvedic medicine due to its comprehensive health benefits. Originating from the ancient Indian healing tradition of Ayurveda, it has been used for centuries to promote longevity, balance the doshas (Vata, Pitta, and Kapha), and support overall well-being. Composed of Haritaki, Vibhitaki, and Amalaki, each fruit brings unique properties that synergistically create a powerful herbal remedy. The use of Triphala has evolved in modern times, gaining attention for its potential to address a variety of health conditions ranging from gastrointestinal disorders to chronic diseases like diabetes and cardiovascular disorders.

Objective

The primary aim of this review is to explore the classical Ayurvedic references to Triphala and to assess its diverse therapeutic applications, both traditionally and in contemporary research. The specific objectives include:

1. Gathering comprehensive references from classical Ayurvedic texts regarding Triphala’s usage.
2. Understanding the diverse applications of Triphala in modern healthcare, with support from recent studies.

Materials and Methods

Materials

The primary materials used in this review include classical Ayurvedic texts such as:

• Charaka Samhita
• Sushruta Samhita
• Ashtanga Hridaya
• Studies from modern peer-reviewed journals that highlight Triphala’s therapeutic potential.

Methods

References to Triphala were carefully gathered from these classical Ayurvedic texts. Additionally, studies from modern scientific literature were analyzed to understand the clinical efficacy of Triphala in managing various health conditions.

Key Attributes of Triphala

Triphala is often referred to as a Tridoshic Rasayana, meaning it can be used by individuals of all constitutions (Vata, Pitta, and Kapha). Its ability to balance these doshas makes it a versatile herbal remedy. The following attributes are central to its therapeutic applications:

1. Strength and Immunity Booster: Triphala enhances overall strength and boosts the immune system.
2. Digestive Aid: It improves digestion, helping regulate bowel movements and supporting detoxification.
3. Antioxidant: Triphala contains powerful antioxidants that protect cells from oxidative damage.
4. Anti-inflammatory: Its anti-inflammatory properties aid in managing chronic inflammatory conditions.
5. Respiratory Health: Triphala has been traditionally used to support respiratory health.

Traditional Uses of Triphala in Classical Texts

According to Charaka Samhita, Sushruta Samhita, and Ashtanga Hridaya, Triphala has been used to treat a wide variety of health conditions:

• Vataraktha (Gout): Triphala is used with Trikatu (three pungent spices) and honey to manage this condition.
• Kushta (Skin Disorders): Triphala combined with Vidanga, oil, ghee, and honey is applied to address skin disorders.
• Prameha (Diabetes): Triphala decoctions or guggulu formulations are used to manage diabetes-related symptoms.
• Arsha (Piles): Triphala powder is mixed with Arka and other ingredients to alleviate symptoms.
• Timira (Cataracts): Triphala is said to help improve vision when consumed with ghee and other herbs.
• Obesity: Triphala mixed with honey is recommended to manage obesity.
• Fever: In combination with pippali (long pepper) and honey, Triphala is used to reduce fever.
• Heart Disease: Triphala is known to benefit cardiovascular health when taken alone or with complementary herbs.

Discussion

Modern Scientific Research on Triphala

Gastrointestinal Health

Numerous studies have shown that Triphala can effectively manage gastrointestinal disorders. It has been shown to:

• Prevent diarrhea in animal models using both aqueous and alcohol-based extracts.
• Protect the intestinal lining through its antioxidant properties.
• Relieve symptoms such as constipation, flatulence, and hyperacidity in human clinical trials.

Metabolic and Cardiovascular Health

Triphala has shown promise in managing obesity and diabetes. Its ability to reduce body weight and improve lipid profiles has been documented in various studies. It may also:

• Reduce blood sugar and insulin levels in diabetic patients.
• Lower total cholesterol, LDL cholesterol, and triglycerides while increasing HDL cholesterol, which supports cardiovascular health.

Stress-Reduction and Immunomodulation

Triphala has demonstrated potential in reducing stress-related symptoms by lowering cortisol levels and modulating immune responses. Its high antioxidant content may protect the body from oxidative stress, which is closely linked to immune dysfunction.

Antimicrobial Properties

Triphala’s extracts have shown broad-spectrum antimicrobial action, demonstrating antibacterial properties against both common and drug-resistant strains of bacteria. This offers a potential alternative in an era of rising antibiotic resistance.

Applications in Respiratory and Skin Health

Triphala’s ability to balance all three doshas makes it valuable in managing respiratory conditions and promoting skin health. Its anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties play a key role in soothing skin disorders and enhancing lung function.

Conclusion

Based on classical Ayurvedic texts and supported by modern research, Triphala is a versatile herbal remedy with profound therapeutic potential. Its ability to balance the doshas, detoxify the body, and provide antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and immune-modulating benefits makes it a key component of holistic health management. The breadth of its applications, from gastrointestinal disorders to cardiovascular health and weight management, ensures that Triphala remains a staple in both traditional and modern healthcare systems.

References

1. Sushruta Samhita, Uttara Tantra, Chapter 39, Verse 302.
2. Ashtanga Hridaya, Sutrasthana, Chapter 14, Verse 22.
3. Charaka Samhita, Sutrasthana, Chapter 13, Verse 78.
4. Charaka Samhita, Chikitsasthana, Chapter 7, Verses 97-99.
5. Sushruta Samhita, Chikitsasthana, Chapter 11, Verse 9.
6. Ashtanga Hridaya, Uttarasthana, Chapter 40, Verses 56, 59, 69.
7. Mukherjee PK, Rai S, Debnath PK. “Clinical Studies of Triphala: A Well-Known Phytomedicine from India,” 2006.
8. “Immunomodulatory Activity of Triphala on Neutrophil Functions.” Biopharm Bulletin, 2005.
9. “Anti-inflammatory Effect of Triphala.” Phytotherapy Research, 2007.
10. Deep G, Dhiman M, Rao, “Chemopreventive Potential of Triphala,” PMID: 16471318.
11. “Potential of Traditional Ayurvedic Formulation, Triphala,” PMID: 15899544.